Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) from large sources such as power plants and industrial processes. The captured CO2 is then stored in underground geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas fields, deep saline aquifers, and unmineable coal seams. CCS is seen as an important tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change.

The process of CCS involves three main steps: capture,